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Understanding Figurative Meaning through Explainable Visual Entailment

Arkadiy Saakyan, Shreyas Kulkarni, Tuhin Chakrabarty, Smaranda Muresan

NAACL 2025

V-FLUTE studies how vision-language models interpret figurative meaning in images and text. The expert-verified dataset contains 6,027 examples spanning metaphors, similes, idioms, sarcasm, and humor, with entailment labels and explanations.

The work combines automatic and human evaluation to examine where visual-language reasoning succeeds and where it breaks down.